Binary Stars







an inference from the mass-luminosity relation is that

A all stars have equal lifetimes.

B all stars have the same age.

C more massive stars live longer lives.

D more massive stars live shorter lives.



an eclipsing binary with total eclipses allows you to calculate the ratio of the _____ of the stars.

A masses

B sizes

C distances

D no choice



double stars are important in astronomy because

A all stars are double

B they are very beautiful

C they evolve quickly enough for us to see the changes

D study of their orbits allows us to determine their physical properties



observations of binary stars have helped astronomers to determine which important stellar parameter for these stars?

A stellar mass

B pulsation period

C surface temperature

D distance from Earth



strong support for the theory of planet formation discussed in class is the existence of

A galaxies

B black holes

C binary star systems

D many stars similar to the sun



a double line spectroscopic binary has two stars of

A nearly equal brightness

B low actual brightness

C high actual brightness

D no choice



the study of binary stars is important because

A they are completely different from single stars

B we can measure their age

C their distance is known

D we can use the laws of orbits to determine their mass and size



in what way will two stars in a binary system orbit each other, in general

A the larger mass star orbits around the center of the smaller mass star

B they both follow elliptical orbits around a common point between the stars

C they both move in elliptical orbits around a point on the line joining the two star centers, closest to the less massive star

D the lower mass star orbits in an ellipse around the center of the larger m star



in order to determine the size of a star in a binary system, one must have

A an eclipsing system whose distance is known

B a double-line spectroscopic system

C an eclipsing system which is also a spectroscopic binary

D a visual binary whose distance is known



why are eclipsing binary systems important?

A eclipses give information on the stars' atmospheres.

B they yield data on stellar masses.

C evolution proceeded differently in such systems.

D they are very young stars.

E none of the above.



a system which is both a double line spectroscopic and an eclipsing binary allows you to calculate

A the masses of the stars

B the sizes of the stars

C all of the orbit parameters

D all of the above



in binary stars, the two stars move in which way with respect to each other

A the low-mass star moves in a circular orbit around the stationary high-mass star

B in straight lines, back and forth past each other

C in circular orbits around the center of the galaxy

D in elliptical orbits, about a common "center of mass"



a double-line spectroscopic binary consists of two stars which are

A nearly equal in size

B also a visual binary system

C nearly equal in brightness

D nearly equal in temperature



binary star systems are especially important to us because they allow us to calculate the _______ of stars.

A compositions

B proper motions

C radial velocities

D temperatures

E masses



the unknown orbit parameter of a spectroscopic binary is

A the eccentricity

B the angle of inclination

C all parameters are known

D no choice



the existence of planetary systems around other stars has been shown

A by detecting a wobble in the motion of nearby stars against the distant background stars

B by direct observation of other planets

C to be highly unlikely, if not impossible

D to be an unanswerable question.



which of the following is not needed in order to determine the individual masses of stars in a binary system?

A orbital period.

B location of the center of mass.

C Kepler's third law.

D distance to the binary system.

E colors of each of the stars.



the method of dynamical parallaxes can be used for which type of binary star system?

A spectroscopic

B eclipsing

C visual

D none of the above



binary stars are important in astronomy because

A they are so rare

B they are beautiful when observed in telescopes

C astronomers can determine their fundamental properties

D they usually lead to violent explosions



imagine that you observed a binary star system face on, so that you are looking directly down on the orbital plane. what do you expect of the Doppler shift from this system?

A always show red shifts.

B always show blue shifts.

C alternate between red and blue shifts.

D show no Doppler shift at all.



binary stars are important because

A they are very rare

B they are beautiful

C study of their orbits allows us to find their mass

D their motion is determined by their age



what is the most important reason for observing binary stars?

A to measure stellar masses.

B to measure stellar radii.

C to discover planets.

D to detect black holes.



the primary minimum of an eclipsing binary occurs when the ____ star is eclipsed

A hot

B bright

C cool

D no choice



the formation of binary stars is thought to be a process analogous to

A the formation of a galaxy

B the formation of spiral arms in a galaxy

C the formation of a planetary system

D the formation of a cluster of galaxies



the only way which we have discussed to determine the size of a star is by analyzing

A a visual binary

B a spectroscopic binary

C an eclipsing binary

D a cepheid variable



the method of dynamical parallaxes is used to calculate the _____ of visual binary stars

A relative sizes

B distances

C masses

D no choice



which types of binary stars provide information on masses and radii of the individual stars.

A eclipsing binaries.

B spectroscopic binaries.

C visual binaries.

D contact binaries.



the mass-luminosity relation tells you that

A more massive stars are bigger.

B more massive stars are more luminous.

C the less massive stars are more luminous.

D the less massive stars are bigger.



a double line spectroscopic binary allows you to calculate the ratio of the _______ of the stars

A masses

B sizes

C orbits

D no choice



what proportion of visible stars in the nighttime sky are multiple-star systems, such as double stars?

A less than 1%

B about

C about 1/4

D nearly 100%



if one is to measure a star's mass, it must

A not exhibit any parallax motion

B be more massive than five solar masses

C have a known chemical composition

D have a companion star



if two stars in a binary system pass alternately in front of each other as seen from Earth, we have a _____ binary

A spectrum

B eclipsing

C optical

D spectroscopic



a visual binary star is

A one whose brightness drops periodically as one of its members passes in fr of the other

B one whose members can be seen as separate stars through a telescope

C one which looks like a single star but whose spectrum can only be explained as being produced by more than one star

D a star whose proper motion reveals that it has planet-sized companions



the orbit of an eclipsing binary is always seen

A from the top

B edge on

C at no particular orientation

D no choice



stellar diameters may be determined from studies of

A visual binary stars

B astrometric binary stars

C spectroscopic binary stars

D eclipsing binary stars



eclipsing binaries are identified by

A changing brightness

B changes in the intensity of some of the spectral lines

C changes in the position of the spectral lines

D changes in the position of the stars



a star's mass may be most precisely measured if

A its motion around the galaxy's core can be observed for several full orbit

B its luminosity is known precisely

C it is a member of a binary star system

D it has planets



spectroscopic binaries are identified by

A changing brightness

B changes in the intensity of some of the spectral lines

C changes in the position of the spectral lines

D changes in the position of the stars



binary stars allow us to derive which important stellar parameter

A surface temperature

B stellar mass

C the Einstein gravitational red shift

D distance from Earth



an eclipsing binary star is

A one whose brightness drops periodically as one of its members passes in front of the other

B one whose members can be seen as separate stars through a telescope

C one which looks like a single star but whose spectrum can only be explained as produced by more than one star

D a star whose motion reveals that it has planet-sized companions



the size of a star may be determined by analyzing

A an eclipsing binary

B a spectroscopic binary

C a visual binary

D a cepheid variable



if the spectrum of a star shows changing Doppler shifts over time then it is probably a(n)

A variable star

B eclipsing binary star

C spectroscopic binary star

D visual binary star



binary stars are particularly important for determining stellar

A temperature

B luminosity

C distance

D mass



visual binaries are

A any two stars orbiting about each other

B an orbiting pair of stars each of which is detectable with a telescope

C chance apparent coincidence of stars in the sky

D stars with observed planetary systems



an eclipsing binary system is

A two stars which periodically pass in front of each other

B two stars, detected as such by movement of lines in their spectra by Doppler shift

C a star which is periodically eclipsed by the moon

D two stars clearly separated, when viewed from Earth



a star that is determined to be a binary because of its velocity changes is called:

A an astrometric binary.

B an eclipsing binary.

C a visual binary.

D a spectroscopic binary.



the mass-luminosity relation for main-sequence stars tells you that

A the more massive stars are bigger.

B the more massive stars are brighter.

C the less massive stars are brighter.

D the less massive stars are smaller.



why are binary stars so important to astronomers?

A because we can determine the center of their masses.

B because they are so rare they tell us something new about the universe.

C because it is only from binary stars that we can determine stellar masses.

D because they give us an opportunity to use Kepler's laws of orbits



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